Incentives & Economics

A few years ago, as Field CTO for an enterprise customer, I was pulled into a rescue effort that started the way these stories usually start: pain, urgency, and a narrative that felt convenient. The application hit a bootstorm—150,000+ users slamming it in a short window—and then the predictable second-order effect: every day after that, more tickets piled up. Instability. Session timeouts. Intermittent failures. The kind of symptoms that turn a service into a rumor. ...

Every company says security is a priority. Every company also ships under pressure. The gap between those two statements is where businesses bleed. I’ve watched organizations with excellent engineers and serious budgets still get humbled by the same pattern: teams optimize locally (features, velocity, “my backlog”), while the system pays globally (incidents, outages, churn, reputational drag). When things go south, it rarely takes a cinematic attacker or a once-in-a-decade failure. ...

In 2021, I bought a home in Florida. The closing was in August, so imagine the hot summer days with temperatures over 100 degrees and humidity over 80%. When we selected the builder, I noted 2 things: HVAC with 15 SEER and insulation R-39. My house would be minimally energy efficient. I had no option to upgrade the HVAC, but 15 SEER is “good enough”. First week in the house, my wife realized I was getting bothered every time the compressor kicked in - there was a subtle, almost imperceptible, hit on the lights - nobody realized it, but I did. Battle-proven engineer with experience in thermal and power transiency. What could happen? ...

Traditional internet architecture solved latency with caching. Static content, images, JavaScript bundles—all pushed to edge nodes milliseconds from users. CDNs achieve 95-99% cache hit rates. The compute stays centralized; the content moves to the edge. AI breaks this model completely. Every inference requires real GPU cycles. You can’t cache a conversation. You can’t pre-compute a response to a question that hasn’t been asked. The token that completes a sentence depends on every token before it. ...